Promote the Resilience of Production Systems to Reduce the Vulnerability of Small Farmers Families through the Revaluation of the Genus Lupinus Neglected Crops

In Bolivia, there was large yield variability during a dry year (270 mm) vs a normal year (450 mm).  The beetle  Apion sp and Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp), can reduce productivity up to 80% and 40%, respectively.  A threshing machine was introduced in local communities to reduce labor and increase grain quality.  Technology to remove alkaloids was validated. It reduced water use from 80 to 40 l/kg of grain.  A recipe containing 9 local dishes was prepared and promoted among families.  A partnership was established with a private enterprise to improve the image of Lupinus and three processed products were sold in the two main supermarket chains in Cochabamba. In 2017, 1,500 units were sold/month.  In Ecuador yields increased from 515 to 909 kg/ha due to fertilization.  Local varieties showed good yields but could not compete in a drier year with the new variety “INIAP 450 Andino” which is more precocious.  A new technique to remove alkaloids was developed. It reduced processing time from 84 to 58 hours, and water use from 96 to 66 l/kg of grain.  Processed lupine without alkaloids is consumed by 71 % of families in the highlands, 20 % in the Coast and 87 % in the Eastern region. Per capita consumption per year is 4 kg in the highlands and Eastern region and 2 kg on the Coast.  Partnerships were established with private companies  to evaluate acceptability and preference for various lupine products (flour, crunchy grain, lyophilized powder, frozen, canned, flavored milk and yogurt). In 2017, the first batch of lupine flour (300 kg) was sold to the Czech Republic. In Chile, L. albus showed a superior potential yield than the other two species. The “Alboroto INIA” variety had an average yield of 4.7 t/ha during the first season and 5.7 t/ha during the second one. L. angustifolius had an intermediate yield and  L. luteus showed the lowest yield.  L. luteus had the highest protein content, followed by L. albus and L. angustifolius. However, due to its highest productivity, L. albus had the highest production of protein per ha (1,500 to 2,000 kg).  BYMV (Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus) appears to be a potential problem for lupine production in Southern Chile. A rye hedge surrounding lupine parcels stopped aphid transmission and reduced significantly the incidence of BYMV.  A meeting was organized between INIA and a private salmon feed mill. As a result it started to buy and process lupine.